The following test script fails in the codex sandbox:
```
import multiprocessing
from multiprocessing import Lock, Process
def f(lock):
with lock:
print("Lock acquired in child process")
if __name__ == '__main__':
lock = Lock()
p = Process(target=f, args=(lock,))
p.start()
p.join()
```
with
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/david.hao/code/codex/codex-rs/cli/test.py", line 9, in <module>
lock = Lock()
^^^^^^
File "/Users/david.hao/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.9-macos-aarch64-none/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/context.py", line 68, in Lock
return Lock(ctx=self.get_context())
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/Users/david.hao/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.9-macos-aarch64-none/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 169, in __init__
SemLock.__init__(self, SEMAPHORE, 1, 1, ctx=ctx)
File "/Users/david.hao/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.9-macos-aarch64-none/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 57, in __init__
sl = self._semlock = _multiprocessing.SemLock(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted
```
After reading, adding this line to the sandbox configs fixes things -
MacOS multiprocessing appears to use sem_lock(), which opens an IPC
which is considered a disk write even though no file is created. I
interrogated ChatGPT about whether it's okay to loosen, and my
impression after reading is that it is, although would appreciate a
close look
Breadcrumb: You can run `cargo run -- debug seatbelt --full-auto <cmd>`
to test the sandbox
To make `--full-auto` safer, this PR updates the Seatbelt policy so that
a `SandboxPolicy` with a `writable_root` that contains a `.git/`
_directory_ will make `.git/` _read-only_ (though as a follow-up, we
should also consider the case where `.git` is a _file_ with a `gitdir:
/path/to/actual/repo/.git` entry that should also be protected).
The two major changes in this PR:
- Updating `SandboxPolicy::get_writable_roots_with_cwd()` to return a
`Vec<WritableRoot>` instead of a `Vec<PathBuf>` where a `WritableRoot`
can specify a list of read-only subpaths.
- Updating `create_seatbelt_command_args()` to honor the read-only
subpaths in `WritableRoot`.
The logic to update the policy is a fairly straightforward update to
`create_seatbelt_command_args()`, but perhaps the more interesting part
of this PR is the introduction of an integration test in
`tests/sandbox.rs`. Leveraging the new API in #1785, we test
`SandboxPolicy` under various conditions, including ones where `$TMPDIR`
is not readable, which is critical for verifying the new behavior.
To ensure that Codex can run its own tests, e.g.:
```
just codex debug seatbelt --full-auto -- cargo test if_git_repo_is_writable_root_then_dot_git_folder_is_read_only
```
I had to introduce the use of `CODEX_SANDBOX=sandbox`, which is
comparable to how `CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED=1` was already being
used.
Adding a comparable change for Landlock will be done in a subsequent PR.
Introduce conversation.create handler (handle_create_conversation) and
wire it in MessageProcessor.
Stack:
Top: #1783
Bottom: #1784
---------
Co-authored-by: Gabriel Peal <gpeal@users.noreply.github.com>
Without this change, it is challenging to create integration tests to
verify that the folders not included in `writable_roots` in
`SandboxPolicy::WorkspaceWrite` are read-only because, by default,
`get_writable_roots_with_cwd()` includes `TMPDIR`, which is where most
integrationt
tests do their work.
This introduces a `use_exact_writable_roots` option to disable the
default
includes returned by `get_writable_roots_with_cwd()`.
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/openai/codex/pull/1785).
* #1765
* __->__ #1785
## Summary
- stream command stdout as `ExecCommandStdout` events
- forward streamed stdout to clients and ignore in human output
processor
- adjust call sites for new streaming API
This fixes a bug in insert_history_lines where writing
`Line::From(vec!["A".bold(), "B".into()])` would write "B" as bold,
because "B" didn't explicitly subtract bold.
- MCP server: add send-user-message tool to send user input to a running
Codex session
- Added an integration tests for the happy and sad paths
Changes:
• Add tool definition and schema.
• Expose tool in capabilities.
• Route and handle tool requests with validation.
• Tests for success, bad UUID, and missing session.
follow‑ups
• Listen path not implemented yet; the tool is present but marked “don’t
use yet” in code comments.
• Session run flag reset: clear running_session_id_set appropriately
after turn completion/errors.
This is the third PR in a stack.
Stack:
Final: #1686
Intermediate: #1751
First: #1750
- Add operation to summarize the context so far.
- The operation runs a compact task that summarizes the context.
- The operation clear the previous context to free the context window
- The operation didn't use `run_task` to avoid corrupting the session
- Add /compact in the tui
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e06c24e5-dcfb-4806-934a-564d425a919c
- Expose mcp_protocol from mcp-server for reuse in tests and callers.
- In MessageProcessor, detect structured ToolCallRequestParams in
tools/call and forward to a new handler.
- Add handle_new_tool_calls scaffold (returns error for now).
- Test helper: add send_send_user_message_tool_call to McpProcess to
send ConversationSendMessage requests;
This is the second PR in a stack.
Stack:
Final: #1686
Intermediate: #1751
First: #1750
# Summary
- Align MCP server responses with mcp_types by emitting [CallToolResult,
RequestId] instead of an object.
Update send-message result to a tagged enum: Ok or Error { message }.
# Why
Protocol compliance with current MCP schema.
# Tests
- Updated assertions in mcp_protocol.rs for create/stream/send/list and
error cases.
This is the first PR in a stack.
Stack:
Final: #1686
Intermediate: #1751
First: #1750
This delays the call to insert_history_lines until a redraw is
happening. Crucially, the new lines are inserted _after the viewport is
resized_. This results in fewer stray blank lines below the viewport
when modals (e.g. user approval) are closed.
when we enabled KKP in https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1743, we
started receiving keyup events, but didn't expect them anywhere in our
code. for now, just don't dispatch them at all.
At 550 lines, `exec.rs` was a bit large. In particular, I found it hard
to locate the Seatbelt-related code quickly without a file with
`seatbelt` in the name, so this refactors things so:
- `spawn_command_under_seatbelt()` and dependent code moves to a new
`seatbelt.rs` file
- `spawn_child_async()` and dependent code moves to a new `spawn.rs`
file
This is a follow-up to https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1705, as
that PR inadvertently lost the logic where `PatchApplyBeginEvent` and
`PatchApplyEndEvent` events were sent when patches were auto-approved.
Though as part of this fix, I believe this also makes an important
safety fix to `assess_patch_safety()`, as there was a case that returned
`SandboxType::None`, which arguably is the thing we were trying to avoid
in #1705.
On a high level, we want there to be only one codepath where
`apply_patch` happens, which should be unified with the patch to run
`exec`, in general, so that sandboxing is applied consistently for both
cases.
Prior to this change, `apply_patch()` in `core` would either:
* exit early, delegating to `exec()` to shell out to `apply_patch` using
the appropriate sandbox
* proceed to run the logic for `apply_patch` in memory
549846b29a/codex-rs/core/src/apply_patch.rs (L61-L63)
In this implementation, only the latter would dispatch
`PatchApplyBeginEvent` and `PatchApplyEndEvent`, though the former would
dispatch `ExecCommandBeginEvent` and `ExecCommandEndEvent` for the
`apply_patch` call (or, more specifically, the `codex
--codex-run-as-apply-patch PATCH` call).
To unify things in this PR, we:
* Eliminate the back half of the `apply_patch()` function, and instead
have it also return with `DelegateToExec`, though we add an extra field
to the return value, `user_explicitly_approved_this_action`.
* In `codex.rs` where we process `DelegateToExec`, we use
`SandboxType::None` when `user_explicitly_approved_this_action` is
`true`. This means **we no longer run the apply_patch logic in memory**,
as we always `exec()`. (Note this is what allowed us to delete so much
code in `apply_patch.rs`.)
* In `codex.rs`, we further update `notify_exec_command_begin()` and
`notify_exec_command_end()` to take additional fields to determine what
type of notification to send: `ExecCommand` or `PatchApply`.
Admittedly, this PR also drops some of the functionality about giving
the user the opportunity to expand the set of writable roots as part of
approving the `apply_patch` command. I'm not sure how much that was
used, and we should probably rethink how that works as we are currently
tidying up the protocol to the TUI, in general.
this fixes a couple of panics that would happen when trying to render
something larger than the terminal, or insert history lines when the top
of the viewport is at y=0.
the git tests were failing on my local machine due to gpg signing config
in my ~/.gitconfig. tests should not be affected by ~/.gitconfig, so
configure them to ignore it.
Simplify and improve many UI elements.
* Remove all-around borders in most places. These interact badly with
terminal resizing and look heavy. Prefer left-side-only borders.
* Make the viewport adjust to the size of its contents.
* <kbd>/</kbd> and <kbd>@</kbd> autocomplete boxes appear below the
prompt, instead of above it.
* Restyle the keyboard shortcut hints & move them to the left.
* Restyle the approval dialog.
* Use synchronized rendering to avoid flashing during rerenders.
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/96f044af-283b-411c-b7fc-5e6b8a433c20
<img width="1117" height="858" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-30 at 5 29 20 PM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0cc0af77-8396-429b-b6ee-9feaaccdbee7"
/>
Proof of concept for a resizable viewport.
The general approach here is to duplicate the `Terminal` struct from
ratatui, but with our own logic. This is a "light fork" in that we are
still using all the base ratatui functions (`Buffer`, `Widget` and so
on), but we're doing our own bookkeeping at the top level to determine
where to draw everything.
This approach could use improvement—e.g, when the window is resized to a
smaller size, if the UI wraps, we don't correctly clear out the
artifacts from wrapping. This is possible with a little work (i.e.
tracking what parts of our UI would have been wrapped), but this
behavior is at least at par with the existing behavior.
https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4eb17689-09fd-4daa-8315-c7ebc654986d
cc @joshka who might have Thoughts™
Building on the work of https://github.com/openai/codex/pull/1702, this
changes how a shell call to `apply_patch` is handled.
Previously, a shell call to `apply_patch` was always handled in-process,
never leveraging a sandbox. To determine whether the `apply_patch`
operation could be auto-approved, the
`is_write_patch_constrained_to_writable_paths()` function would check if
all the paths listed in the paths were writable. If so, the agent would
apply the changes listed in the patch.
Unfortunately, this approach afforded a loophole: symlinks!
* For a soft link, we could fix this issue by tracing the link and
checking whether the target is in the set of writable paths, however...
* ...For a hard link, things are not as simple. We can run `stat FILE`
to see if the number of links is greater than 1, but then we would have
to do something potentially expensive like `find . -inum <inode_number>`
to find the other paths for `FILE`. Further, even if this worked, this
approach runs the risk of a
[TOCTOU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-check_to_time-of-use)
race condition, so it is not robust.
The solution, implemented in this PR, is to take the virtual execution
of the `apply_patch` CLI into an _actual_ execution using `codex
--codex-run-as-apply-patch PATCH`, which we can run under the sandbox
the user specified, just like any other `shell` call.
This, of course, assumes that the sandbox prevents writing through
symlinks as a mechanism to write to folders that are not in the writable
set configured by the sandbox. I verified this by testing the following
on both Mac and Linux:
```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail
# Can running a command in SANDBOX_DIR write a file in EXPLOIT_DIR?
# Codex is run in SANDBOX_DIR, so writes should be constrianed to this directory.
SANDBOX_DIR=$(mktemp -d -p "$HOME" sandboxtesttemp.XXXXXX)
# EXPLOIT_DIR is outside of SANDBOX_DIR, so let's see if we can write to it.
EXPLOIT_DIR=$(mktemp -d -p "$HOME" sandboxtesttemp.XXXXXX)
echo "SANDBOX_DIR: $SANDBOX_DIR"
echo "EXPLOIT_DIR: $EXPLOIT_DIR"
cleanup() {
# Only remove if it looks sane and still exists
[[ -n "${SANDBOX_DIR:-}" && -d "$SANDBOX_DIR" ]] && rm -rf -- "$SANDBOX_DIR"
[[ -n "${EXPLOIT_DIR:-}" && -d "$EXPLOIT_DIR" ]] && rm -rf -- "$EXPLOIT_DIR"
}
trap cleanup EXIT
echo "I am the original content" > "${EXPLOIT_DIR}/original.txt"
# Drop the -s to test hard links.
ln -s "${EXPLOIT_DIR}/original.txt" "${SANDBOX_DIR}/link-to-original.txt"
cat "${SANDBOX_DIR}/link-to-original.txt"
if [[ "$(uname)" == "Linux" ]]; then
SANDBOX_SUBCOMMAND=landlock
else
SANDBOX_SUBCOMMAND=seatbelt
fi
# Attempt the exploit
cd "${SANDBOX_DIR}"
codex debug "${SANDBOX_SUBCOMMAND}" bash -lc "echo pwned > ./link-to-original.txt" || true
cat "${EXPLOIT_DIR}/original.txt"
```
Admittedly, this change merits a proper integration test, but I think I
will have to do that in a follow-up PR.
Adds a `CodexAuth` type that encapsulates information about available
auth modes and logic for refreshing the token.
Changes `Responses` API to send requests to different endpoints based on
the auth type.
Updates login_with_chatgpt to support API-less mode and skip the key
exchange.
This adds a tool the model can call to update a plan. The tool doesn't
actually _do_ anything but it gives clients a chance to read and render
the structured plan. We will likely iterate on the prompt and tools
exposed for planning over time.
see
[discussion](https://github.com/rhysd/tui-textarea/issues/51#issuecomment-3021191712),
it's surprising that ^U behaves this way. IMO the undo/redo
functionality in tui-textarea isn't good enough to be worth preserving,
but if we do bring it back it should probably be on C-z / C-S-z / C-y.
Perhaps there was an intention to make the login screen prettier, but it
feels quite silly right now to just have a screen that says "press q",
so replace it with something that lets the user directly login without
having to quit the app.
<img width="1283" height="635" alt="Screenshot 2025-07-28 at 2 54 05 PM"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f19e5595-6ef9-4a2d-b409-aa61b30d3628"
/>
