use std::io::IsTerminal;
use std::io::Result;
use std::io::Stdout;
use std::io::stdout;
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
#[cfg(unix)]
use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
#[cfg(unix)]
use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU16;
use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
use std::time::Duration;
use std::time::Instant;

use crossterm::Command;
use crossterm::SynchronizedUpdate;
#[cfg(unix)]
use crossterm::cursor::MoveTo;
use crossterm::event::DisableBracketedPaste;
use crossterm::event::DisableFocusChange;
use crossterm::event::EnableBracketedPaste;
use crossterm::event::EnableFocusChange;
use crossterm::event::Event;
use crossterm::event::KeyEvent;
use crossterm::event::KeyboardEnhancementFlags;
use crossterm::event::PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags;
use crossterm::event::PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags;
use crossterm::terminal::EnterAlternateScreen;
use crossterm::terminal::LeaveAlternateScreen;
use crossterm::terminal::supports_keyboard_enhancement;
use ratatui::backend::Backend;
use ratatui::backend::CrosstermBackend;
use ratatui::crossterm::execute;
use ratatui::crossterm::terminal::disable_raw_mode;
use ratatui::crossterm::terminal::enable_raw_mode;
use ratatui::layout::Offset;
use ratatui::text::Line;

use crate::custom_terminal;
use crate::custom_terminal::Terminal as CustomTerminal;
use tokio::select;
use tokio_stream::Stream;

/// A type alias for the terminal type used in this application
pub type Terminal = CustomTerminal<CrosstermBackend<Stdout>>;

pub fn set_modes() -> Result<()> {
    execute!(stdout(), EnableBracketedPaste)?;

    enable_raw_mode()?;
    // Enable keyboard enhancement flags so modifiers for keys like Enter are disambiguated.
    // chat_composer.rs is using a keyboard event listener to enter for any modified keys
    // to create a new line that require this.
    // Some terminals (notably legacy Windows consoles) do not support
    // keyboard enhancement flags. Attempt to enable them, but continue
    // gracefully if unsupported.
    let _ = execute!(
        stdout(),
        PushKeyboardEnhancementFlags(
            KeyboardEnhancementFlags::DISAMBIGUATE_ESCAPE_CODES
                | KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_EVENT_TYPES
                | KeyboardEnhancementFlags::REPORT_ALTERNATE_KEYS
        )
    );

    let _ = execute!(stdout(), EnableFocusChange);
    Ok(())
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
struct EnableAlternateScroll;

impl Command for EnableAlternateScroll {
    fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "\x1b[?1007h")
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        Err(std::io::Error::other(
            "tried to execute EnableAlternateScroll using WinAPI; use ANSI instead",
        ))
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
struct DisableAlternateScroll;

impl Command for DisableAlternateScroll {
    fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "\x1b[?1007l")
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        Err(std::io::Error::other(
            "tried to execute DisableAlternateScroll using WinAPI; use ANSI instead",
        ))
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }
}

/// Restore the terminal to its original state.
/// Inverse of `set_modes`.
pub fn restore() -> Result<()> {
    // Pop may fail on platforms that didn't support the push; ignore errors.
    let _ = execute!(stdout(), PopKeyboardEnhancementFlags);
    execute!(stdout(), DisableBracketedPaste)?;
    let _ = execute!(stdout(), DisableFocusChange);
    disable_raw_mode()?;
    let _ = execute!(stdout(), crossterm::cursor::Show);
    Ok(())
}

/// Initialize the terminal (inline viewport; history stays in normal scrollback)
pub fn init() -> Result<Terminal> {
    if !stdout().is_terminal() {
        return Err(std::io::Error::other("stdout is not a terminal"));
    }
    set_modes()?;

    set_panic_hook();

    let backend = CrosstermBackend::new(stdout());
    let tui = CustomTerminal::with_options(backend)?;
    Ok(tui)
}

fn set_panic_hook() {
    let hook = std::panic::take_hook();
    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |panic_info| {
        let _ = restore(); // ignore any errors as we are already failing
        hook(panic_info);
    }));
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum TuiEvent {
    Key(KeyEvent),
    Paste(String),
    Draw,
}

pub struct Tui {
    frame_schedule_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<Instant>,
    draw_tx: tokio::sync::broadcast::Sender<()>,
    pub(crate) terminal: Terminal,
    pending_history_lines: Vec<Line<'static>>,
    alt_saved_viewport: Option<ratatui::layout::Rect>,
    #[cfg(unix)]
    resume_pending: Arc<AtomicU8>, // Stores a ResumeAction
    #[cfg(unix)]
    suspend_cursor_y: Arc<AtomicU16>, // Bottom line of inline viewport
    // True when overlay alt-screen UI is active
    alt_screen_active: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    // True when terminal/tab is focused; updated internally from crossterm events
    terminal_focused: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    enhanced_keys_supported: bool,
}

#[cfg(unix)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[repr(u8)]
enum ResumeAction {
    None = 0,
    RealignInline = 1,
    RestoreAlt = 2,
}

#[cfg(unix)]
enum PreparedResumeAction {
    RestoreAltScreen,
    RealignViewport(ratatui::layout::Rect),
}

#[cfg(unix)]
fn take_resume_action(pending: &AtomicU8) -> ResumeAction {
    match pending.swap(ResumeAction::None as u8, Ordering::Relaxed) {
        1 => ResumeAction::RealignInline,
        2 => ResumeAction::RestoreAlt,
        _ => ResumeAction::None,
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct FrameRequester {
    frame_schedule_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<Instant>,
}
impl FrameRequester {
    pub fn schedule_frame(&self) {
        let _ = self.frame_schedule_tx.send(Instant::now());
    }
    pub fn schedule_frame_in(&self, dur: Duration) {
        let _ = self.frame_schedule_tx.send(Instant::now() + dur);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
impl FrameRequester {
    /// Create a no-op frame requester for tests.
    pub(crate) fn test_dummy() -> Self {
        let (tx, _rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
        FrameRequester {
            frame_schedule_tx: tx,
        }
    }
}

impl Tui {
    /// Emit a desktop notification now if the terminal is unfocused.
    /// Returns true if a notification was posted.
    pub fn notify(&mut self, message: impl AsRef<str>) -> bool {
        if !self.terminal_focused.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
            let _ = execute!(stdout(), PostNotification(message.as_ref().to_string()));
            true
        } else {
            false
        }
    }
    pub fn new(terminal: Terminal) -> Self {
        let (frame_schedule_tx, frame_schedule_rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::unbounded_channel();
        let (draw_tx, _) = tokio::sync::broadcast::channel(1);

        // Spawn background scheduler to coalesce frame requests and emit draws at deadlines.
        let draw_tx_clone = draw_tx.clone();
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            use tokio::select;
            use tokio::time::Instant as TokioInstant;
            use tokio::time::sleep_until;

            let mut rx = frame_schedule_rx;
            let mut next_deadline: Option<Instant> = None;

            loop {
                let target = next_deadline
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24 * 365));
                let sleep_fut = sleep_until(TokioInstant::from_std(target));
                tokio::pin!(sleep_fut);

                select! {
                    recv = rx.recv() => {
                        match recv {
                            Some(at) => {
                                if next_deadline.is_none_or(|cur| at < cur) {
                                    next_deadline = Some(at);
                                }
                                // Do not send a draw immediately here. By continuing the loop,
                                // we recompute the sleep target so the draw fires once via the
                                // sleep branch, coalescing multiple requests into a single draw.
                                continue;
                            }
                            None => break,
                        }
                    }
                    _ = &mut sleep_fut => {
                        if next_deadline.is_some() {
                            next_deadline = None;
                            let _ = draw_tx_clone.send(());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        // Detect keyboard enhancement support before any EventStream is created so the
        // crossterm poller can acquire its lock without contention.
        let enhanced_keys_supported = supports_keyboard_enhancement().unwrap_or(false);
        // Cache this to avoid contention with the event reader.
        supports_color::on_cached(supports_color::Stream::Stdout);
        let _ = crate::terminal_palette::terminal_palette();
        let _ = crate::terminal_palette::default_colors();

        Self {
            frame_schedule_tx,
            draw_tx,
            terminal,
            pending_history_lines: vec![],
            alt_saved_viewport: None,
            #[cfg(unix)]
            resume_pending: Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(0)),
            #[cfg(unix)]
            suspend_cursor_y: Arc::new(AtomicU16::new(0)),
            alt_screen_active: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            terminal_focused: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true)),
            enhanced_keys_supported,
        }
    }

    pub fn frame_requester(&self) -> FrameRequester {
        FrameRequester {
            frame_schedule_tx: self.frame_schedule_tx.clone(),
        }
    }

    pub fn enhanced_keys_supported(&self) -> bool {
        self.enhanced_keys_supported
    }

    pub fn event_stream(&self) -> Pin<Box<dyn Stream<Item = TuiEvent> + Send + 'static>> {
        use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
        let mut crossterm_events = crossterm::event::EventStream::new();
        let mut draw_rx = self.draw_tx.subscribe();
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let resume_pending = self.resume_pending.clone();
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let alt_screen_active = self.alt_screen_active.clone();
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let suspend_cursor_y = self.suspend_cursor_y.clone();
        let terminal_focused = self.terminal_focused.clone();
        let event_stream = async_stream::stream! {
            loop {
                select! {
                    Some(Ok(event)) = crossterm_events.next() => {
                        match event {
                            crossterm::event::Event::Key(key_event) => {
                                #[cfg(unix)]
                                if matches!(
                                    key_event,
                                    crossterm::event::KeyEvent {
                                        code: crossterm::event::KeyCode::Char('z'),
                                        modifiers: crossterm::event::KeyModifiers::CONTROL,
                                        kind: crossterm::event::KeyEventKind::Press,
                                        ..
                                    }
                                )
                                {
                                    if alt_screen_active.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                                        // Disable alternate scroll when suspending from alt-screen
                                        let _ = execute!(stdout(), DisableAlternateScroll);
                                        let _ = execute!(stdout(), LeaveAlternateScreen);
                                        resume_pending.store(ResumeAction::RestoreAlt as u8, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                    } else {
                                        resume_pending.store(ResumeAction::RealignInline as u8, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                    }
                                    #[cfg(unix)]
                                    {
                                        let y = suspend_cursor_y.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
                                        let _ = execute!(stdout(), MoveTo(0, y));
                                    }
                                    let _ = execute!(stdout(), crossterm::cursor::Show);
                                    let _ = Tui::suspend();
                                    yield TuiEvent::Draw;
                                    continue;
                                }
                                yield TuiEvent::Key(key_event);
                            }
                            Event::Resize(_, _) => {
                                yield TuiEvent::Draw;
                            }
                            Event::Paste(pasted) => {
                                yield TuiEvent::Paste(pasted);
                            }
                            Event::FocusGained => {
                                terminal_focused.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                            }
                            Event::FocusLost => {
                                terminal_focused.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
                            }
                            _ => {}
                        }
                    }
                    result = draw_rx.recv() => {
                        match result {
                            Ok(_) => {
                                yield TuiEvent::Draw;
                            }
                            Err(tokio::sync::broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(_)) => {
                                // We dropped one or more draw notifications; coalesce to a single draw.
                                yield TuiEvent::Draw;
                            }
                            Err(tokio::sync::broadcast::error::RecvError::Closed) => {
                                // Sender dropped; stop emitting draws from this source.
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        Box::pin(event_stream)
    }
    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn suspend() -> Result<()> {
        restore()?;
        unsafe { libc::kill(0, libc::SIGTSTP) };
        set_modes()?;
        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn prepare_resume_action(
        &mut self,
        action: ResumeAction,
    ) -> Result<Option<PreparedResumeAction>> {
        match action {
            ResumeAction::RealignInline => {
                let cursor_pos = self
                    .terminal
                    .get_cursor_position()
                    .unwrap_or(self.terminal.last_known_cursor_pos);
                Ok(Some(PreparedResumeAction::RealignViewport(
                    ratatui::layout::Rect::new(0, cursor_pos.y, 0, 0),
                )))
            }
            ResumeAction::RestoreAlt => {
                if let Ok(ratatui::layout::Position { y, .. }) = self.terminal.get_cursor_position()
                    && let Some(saved) = self.alt_saved_viewport.as_mut()
                {
                    saved.y = y;
                }
                Ok(Some(PreparedResumeAction::RestoreAltScreen))
            }
            ResumeAction::None => Ok(None),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn apply_prepared_resume_action(&mut self, prepared: PreparedResumeAction) -> Result<()> {
        match prepared {
            PreparedResumeAction::RealignViewport(area) => {
                self.terminal.set_viewport_area(area);
            }
            PreparedResumeAction::RestoreAltScreen => {
                execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnterAlternateScreen)?;
                // Enable "alternate scroll" so terminals may translate wheel to arrows
                execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnableAlternateScroll)?;
                if let Ok(size) = self.terminal.size() {
                    self.terminal.set_viewport_area(ratatui::layout::Rect::new(
                        0,
                        0,
                        size.width,
                        size.height,
                    ));
                    self.terminal.clear()?;
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Enter alternate screen and expand the viewport to full terminal size, saving the current
    /// inline viewport for restoration when leaving.
    pub fn enter_alt_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnterAlternateScreen);
        // Enable "alternate scroll" so terminals may translate wheel to arrows
        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), EnableAlternateScroll);
        if let Ok(size) = self.terminal.size() {
            self.alt_saved_viewport = Some(self.terminal.viewport_area);
            self.terminal.set_viewport_area(ratatui::layout::Rect::new(
                0,
                0,
                size.width,
                size.height,
            ));
            let _ = self.terminal.clear();
        }
        self.alt_screen_active.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Leave alternate screen and restore the previously saved inline viewport, if any.
    pub fn leave_alt_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        // Disable alternate scroll when leaving alt-screen
        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), DisableAlternateScroll);
        let _ = execute!(self.terminal.backend_mut(), LeaveAlternateScreen);
        if let Some(saved) = self.alt_saved_viewport.take() {
            self.terminal.set_viewport_area(saved);
        }
        self.alt_screen_active.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn insert_history_lines(&mut self, lines: Vec<Line<'static>>) {
        self.pending_history_lines.extend(lines);
        self.frame_requester().schedule_frame();
    }

    pub fn draw(
        &mut self,
        height: u16,
        draw_fn: impl FnOnce(&mut custom_terminal::Frame),
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Precompute any viewport updates that need a cursor-position query before entering
        // the synchronized update, to avoid racing with the event reader.
        let mut pending_viewport_area: Option<ratatui::layout::Rect> = None;
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let mut prepared_resume =
            self.prepare_resume_action(take_resume_action(&self.resume_pending))?;
        {
            let terminal = &mut self.terminal;
            let screen_size = terminal.size()?;
            let last_known_screen_size = terminal.last_known_screen_size;
            if screen_size != last_known_screen_size
                && let Ok(cursor_pos) = terminal.get_cursor_position()
            {
                let last_known_cursor_pos = terminal.last_known_cursor_pos;
                if cursor_pos.y != last_known_cursor_pos.y {
                    let cursor_delta = cursor_pos.y as i32 - last_known_cursor_pos.y as i32;
                    let new_viewport_area = terminal.viewport_area.offset(Offset {
                        x: 0,
                        y: cursor_delta,
                    });
                    pending_viewport_area = Some(new_viewport_area);
                }
            }
        }

        // Use synchronized update via backend instead of stdout()
        std::io::stdout().sync_update(|_| {
            #[cfg(unix)]
            {
                if let Some(prepared) = prepared_resume.take() {
                    self.apply_prepared_resume_action(prepared)?;
                }
            }
            let terminal = &mut self.terminal;
            if let Some(new_area) = pending_viewport_area.take() {
                terminal.set_viewport_area(new_area);
                terminal.clear()?;
            }

            let size = terminal.size()?;

            let mut area = terminal.viewport_area;
            area.height = height.min(size.height);
            area.width = size.width;
            if area.bottom() > size.height {
                terminal
                    .backend_mut()
                    .scroll_region_up(0..area.top(), area.bottom() - size.height)?;
                area.y = size.height - area.height;
            }
            if area != terminal.viewport_area {
                terminal.clear()?;
                terminal.set_viewport_area(area);
            }
            if !self.pending_history_lines.is_empty() {
                crate::insert_history::insert_history_lines(
                    terminal,
                    self.pending_history_lines.clone(),
                );
                self.pending_history_lines.clear();
            }
            // Update the y position for suspending so Ctrl-Z can place the cursor correctly.
            #[cfg(unix)]
            {
                let inline_area_bottom = if self.alt_screen_active.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                    self.alt_saved_viewport
                        .map(|r| r.bottom().saturating_sub(1))
                        .unwrap_or_else(|| area.bottom().saturating_sub(1))
                } else {
                    area.bottom().saturating_sub(1)
                };
                self.suspend_cursor_y
                    .store(inline_area_bottom, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
            terminal.draw(|frame| {
                draw_fn(frame);
            })
        })?
    }
}

/// Command that emits an OSC 9 desktop notification with a message.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PostNotification(pub String);

impl Command for PostNotification {
    fn write_ansi(&self, f: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "\x1b]9;{}\x07", self.0)
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn execute_winapi(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
        Err(std::io::Error::other(
            "tried to execute PostNotification using WinAPI; use ANSI instead",
        ))
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    fn is_ansi_code_supported(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }
}