diff --git a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/mcp_protocol.rs b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/mcp_protocol.rs
index 287890bf..2f8858a3 100644
--- a/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/mcp_protocol.rs
+++ b/codex-rs/mcp-server/src/mcp_protocol.rs
@@ -172,15 +172,22 @@ pub enum ToolCallResponseResult {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct ConversationCreateResult {
-    pub conversation_id: ConversationId,
-    pub model: String,
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum ConversationCreateResult {
+    Ok {
+        conversation_id: ConversationId,
+        model: String,
+    },
+    Error {
+        message: String,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ConversationStreamResult {}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+// TODO: remove this status because we have is_error field in the response.
 #[serde(tag = "status", rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum ConversationSendMessageResult {
     Ok,
@@ -491,7 +498,7 @@ mod tests {
             request_id: RequestId::Integer(1),
             is_error: None,
             result: Some(ToolCallResponseResult::ConversationCreate(
-                ConversationCreateResult {
+                ConversationCreateResult::Ok {
                     conversation_id: ConversationId(uuid!("d0f6ecbe-84a2-41c1-b23d-b20473b25eab")),
                     model: "o3".into(),
                 },
@@ -515,6 +522,35 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(req_id, RequestId::Integer(1));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn response_error_conversation_create_full_schema() {
+        let env = ToolCallResponse {
+            request_id: RequestId::Integer(2),
+            is_error: Some(true),
+            result: Some(ToolCallResponseResult::ConversationCreate(
+                ConversationCreateResult::Error {
+                    message: "Failed to initialize session".into(),
+                },
+            )),
+        };
+        let req_id = env.request_id.clone();
+        let observed = to_val(&CallToolResult::from(env));
+        let expected = json!({
+            "content": [
+                { "type": "text", "text": "{\"message\":\"Failed to initialize session\"}" }
+            ],
+            "isError": true,
+            "structuredContent": {
+                "message": "Failed to initialize session"
+            }
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            observed, expected,
+            "error response (ConversationCreate) must match"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(req_id, RequestId::Integer(2));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn response_success_conversation_stream_empty_result_object() {
         let env = ToolCallResponse {