feat: experimental env var: CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED (#879)

When using Codex to develop Codex itself, I noticed that sometimes it
would try to add `#[ignore]` to the following tests:

```
keeps_previous_response_id_between_tasks()
retries_on_early_close()
```

Both of these tests start a `MockServer` that launches an HTTP server on
an ephemeral port and requires network access to hit it, which the
Seatbelt policy associated with `--full-auto` correctly denies. If I
wasn't paying attention to the code that Codex was generating, one of
these `#[ignore]` annotations could have slipped into the codebase,
effectively disabling the test for everyone.

To that end, this PR enables an experimental environment variable named
`CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED` that is set to `1` if the
`SandboxPolicy` used to spawn the process does not have full network
access. I say it is "experimental" because I'm not convinced this API is
quite right, but we need to start somewhere. (It might be more
appropriate to have an env var like `CODEX_SANDBOX=full-auto`, but the
challenge is that our newer `SandboxPolicy` abstraction does not map to
a simple set of enums like in the TypeScript CLI.)

We leverage this new functionality by adding the following code to the
aforementioned tests as a way to "dynamically disable" them:

```rust
if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
    println!(
        "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
    );
    return;
}
```

We can use the `debug seatbelt --full-auto` command to verify that
`cargo test` fails when run under Seatbelt prior to this change:

```
$ cargo run --bin codex -- debug seatbelt --full-auto -- cargo test
---- keeps_previous_response_id_between_tasks stdout ----

thread 'keeps_previous_response_id_between_tasks' panicked at /Users/mbolin/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/wiremock-0.6.3/src/mock_server/builder.rs:107:46:
Failed to bind an OS port for a mock server.: Os { code: 1, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Operation not permitted" }
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace


failures:
    keeps_previous_response_id_between_tasks

test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s

error: test failed, to rerun pass `-p codex-core --test previous_response_id`
```

Though after this change, the above command succeeds! This means that,
going forward, when Codex operates on Codex itself, when it runs `cargo
test`, only "real failures" should cause the command to fail.

As part of this change, I decided to tighten up the codepaths for
running `exec()` for shell tool calls. In particular, we do it in `core`
for the main Codex business logic itself, but we also expose this logic
via `debug` subcommands in the CLI in the `cli` crate. The logic for the
`debug` subcommands was not quite as faithful to the true business logic
as I liked, so I:

* refactored a bit of the Linux code, splitting `linux.rs` into
`linux_exec.rs` and `landlock.rs` in the `core` crate.
* gating less code behind `#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]` because such
code does not get built by default when I develop on Mac, which means I
either have to build the code in Docker or wait for CI signal
* introduced `macro_rules! configure_command` in `exec.rs` so we can
have both sync and async versions of this code. The synchronous version
seems more appropriate for straight threads or potentially fork/exec.

codex-rs/cli/src/exit_status.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub(crate) fn handle_exit_status(status: std::process::ExitStatus) -> ! {
+    use std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt;
+
+    // Use ExitStatus to derive the exit code.
+    if let Some(code) = status.code() {
+        std::process::exit(code);
+    } else if let Some(signal) = status.signal() {
+        std::process::exit(128 + signal);
+    } else {
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub(crate) fn handle_exit_status(status: std::process::ExitStatus) -> ! {
+    if let Some(code) = status.code() {
+        std::process::exit(code);
+    } else {
+        // Rare on Windows, but if it happens: use fallback code.
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+}

codex-rs/cli/src/landlock.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 //! On Linux the command is executed inside a Landlock + seccomp sandbox by
 //! calling the low-level `exec_linux` helper from `codex_core::linux`.
 
+use codex_core::exec::StdioPolicy;
+use codex_core::exec::spawn_child_sync;
+use codex_core::exec_linux::apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread;
 use codex_core::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
-use std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt;
-use std::process;
-use std::process::Command;
 use std::process::ExitStatus;
 
+use crate::exit_status::handle_exit_status;
+
 /// Execute `command` in a Linux sandbox (Landlock + seccomp) the way Codex
 /// would.
 pub fn run_landlock(command: Vec<String>, sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
@@ -19,20 +21,15 @@ pub fn run_landlock(command: Vec<String>, sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy) -> anyh
     // Spawn a new thread and apply the sandbox policies there.
     let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || -> anyhow::Result<ExitStatus> {
         let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
-        codex_core::linux::apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(sandbox_policy, &cwd)?;
+
-        let status = Command::new(&command[0]).args(&command[1..]).status()?;
+        apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(&sandbox_policy, &cwd)?;
+        let mut child = spawn_child_sync(command, cwd, &sandbox_policy, StdioPolicy::Inherit)?;
+        let status = child.wait()?;
         Ok(status)
     });
     let status = handle
         .join()
         .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to join thread: {e:?}"))??;
 
-    // Use ExitStatus to derive the exit code.
+    handle_exit_status(status);
-    if let Some(code) = status.code() {
-        process::exit(code);
-    } else if let Some(signal) = status.signal() {
-        process::exit(128 + signal);
-    } else {
-        process::exit(1);
-    }
 }

codex-rs/cli/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod exit_status;
+#[cfg(unix)]
 pub mod landlock;
 pub mod proto;
 pub mod seatbelt;

codex-rs/cli/src/main.rs

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                 let sandbox_policy = create_sandbox_policy(full_auto, sandbox);
                 seatbelt::run_seatbelt(command, sandbox_policy).await?;
             }
-            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+            #[cfg(unix)]
             DebugCommand::Landlock(LandlockCommand {
                 command,
                 sandbox,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
                 let sandbox_policy = create_sandbox_policy(full_auto, sandbox);
                 codex_cli::landlock::run_landlock(command, sandbox_policy)?;
             }
-            #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+            #[cfg(not(unix))]
             DebugCommand::Landlock(_) => {
                 anyhow::bail!("Landlock is only supported on Linux.");
             }

codex-rs/cli/src/seatbelt.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
-use codex_core::exec::create_seatbelt_command;
+use codex_core::exec::StdioPolicy;
+use codex_core::exec::spawn_command_under_seatbelt;
 use codex_core::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 
+use crate::exit_status::handle_exit_status;
+
 pub async fn run_seatbelt(
     command: Vec<String>,
     sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let cwd = std::env::current_dir().expect("failed to get cwd");
+    let cwd = std::env::current_dir()?;
-    let seatbelt_command = create_seatbelt_command(command, &sandbox_policy, &cwd);
+    let mut child =
-    let status = tokio::process::Command::new(seatbelt_command[0].clone())
+        spawn_command_under_seatbelt(command, &sandbox_policy, cwd, StdioPolicy::Inherit).await?;
-        .args(&seatbelt_command[1..])
+    let status = child.wait().await?;
-        .spawn()
+    handle_exit_status(status);
-        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to spawn command: {}", e))?
-        .wait()
-        .await
-        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to wait for command: {}", e))?;
-    std::process::exit(status.code().unwrap_or(1));
 }

codex-rs/core/src/exec.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use std::io;
+#[cfg(unix)]
-#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
 use std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt;
+
+use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::ExitStatus;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ use tokio::sync::Notify;
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::Result;
 use crate::error::SandboxErr;
+use crate::exec_linux::exec_linux;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 
 // Maximum we send for each stream, which is either:
@@ -42,6 +44,16 @@ const MACOS_SEATBELT_BASE_POLICY: &str = include_str!("seatbelt_base_policy.sbpl
 /// already has root access.
 const MACOS_PATH_TO_SEATBELT_EXECUTABLE: &str = "/usr/bin/sandbox-exec";
 
+/// Experimental environment variable that will be set to some non-empty value
+/// if both of the following are true:
+///
+/// 1. The process was spawned by Codex as part of a shell tool call.
+/// 2. SandboxPolicy.has_full_network_access() was false for the tool call.
+///
+/// We may try to have just one environment variable for all sandboxing
+/// attributes, so this may change in the future.
+pub const CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR: &str = "CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED";
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ExecParams {
     pub command: Vec<String>,
@@ -60,27 +72,6 @@ pub enum SandboxType {
     LinuxSeccomp,
 }
 
-#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-async fn exec_linux(
-    params: ExecParams,
-    ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
-    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
-) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
-    crate::linux::exec_linux(params, ctrl_c, sandbox_policy).await
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
-async fn exec_linux(
-    _params: ExecParams,
-    _ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
-    _sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
-) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
-    Err(CodexErr::Io(io::Error::new(
-        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-        "linux sandbox is not supported on this platform",
-    )))
-}
-
 pub async fn process_exec_tool_call(
     params: ExecParams,
     sandbox_type: SandboxType,
@@ -90,25 +81,23 @@ pub async fn process_exec_tool_call(
     let start = Instant::now();
 
     let raw_output_result = match sandbox_type {
-        SandboxType::None => exec(params, ctrl_c).await,
+        SandboxType::None => exec(params, sandbox_policy, ctrl_c).await,
         SandboxType::MacosSeatbelt => {
             let ExecParams {
                 command,
                 cwd,
                 timeout_ms,
             } = params;
-            let seatbelt_command = create_seatbelt_command(command, sandbox_policy, &cwd);
+            let child = spawn_command_under_seatbelt(
-            exec(
+                command,
-                ExecParams {
+                sandbox_policy,
-                    command: seatbelt_command,
+                cwd,
-                    cwd,
+                StdioPolicy::RedirectForShellTool,
-                    timeout_ms,
-                },
-                ctrl_c,
             )
-            .await
+            .await?;
+            consume_truncated_output(child, ctrl_c, timeout_ms).await
         }
-        SandboxType::LinuxSeccomp => exec_linux(params, ctrl_c, sandbox_policy).await,
+        SandboxType::LinuxSeccomp => exec_linux(params, ctrl_c, sandbox_policy),
     };
     let duration = start.elapsed();
     match raw_output_result {
@@ -151,7 +140,17 @@ pub async fn process_exec_tool_call(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn create_seatbelt_command(
+pub async fn spawn_command_under_seatbelt(
+    command: Vec<String>,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    cwd: PathBuf,
+    stdio_policy: StdioPolicy,
+) -> std::io::Result<Child> {
+    let seatbelt_command = create_seatbelt_command(command, sandbox_policy, &cwd);
+    spawn_child_async(seatbelt_command, cwd, sandbox_policy, stdio_policy).await
+}
+
+fn create_seatbelt_command(
     command: Vec<String>,
     sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
     cwd: &Path,
@@ -229,46 +228,118 @@ pub struct ExecToolCallOutput {
     pub duration: Duration,
 }
 
-pub async fn exec(
+async fn exec(
     ExecParams {
         command,
         cwd,
         timeout_ms,
     }: ExecParams,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
     ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
 ) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
-    let child = spawn_child(command, cwd).await?;
+    let child = spawn_child_async(
+        command,
+        cwd,
+        sandbox_policy,
+        StdioPolicy::RedirectForShellTool,
+    )
+    .await?;
     consume_truncated_output(child, ctrl_c, timeout_ms).await
 }
 
-/// Spawns the appropriate child process for the ExecParams.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-async fn spawn_child(command: Vec<String>, cwd: PathBuf) -> std::io::Result<Child> {
+pub enum StdioPolicy {
-    if command.is_empty() {
+    RedirectForShellTool,
-        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+    Inherit,
-            io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+}
-            "command args are empty",
-        ));
-    }
 
-    let mut cmd = Command::new(&command[0]);
+macro_rules! configure_command {
-    cmd.args(&command[1..]);
+    (
-    cmd.current_dir(cwd);
+        $cmd_type: path,
+        $command: expr,
+        $cwd: expr,
+        $sandbox_policy: expr,
+        $stdio_policy: expr
+    ) => {{
+        // For now, we take `SandboxPolicy` as a parameter to spawn_child() because
+        // we need to determine whether to set the
+        // `CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR` environment variable.
+        // Ultimately, we should be stricter about the environment variables that
+        // are set for the command (as we are when spawning an MCP server), so
+        // instead of SandboxPolicy, we should take the exact env to use for the
+        // Command (i.e., `env_clear().envs(env)`).
+        if $command.is_empty() {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "command args are empty",
+            ));
+        }
 
-    // Do not create a file descriptor for stdin because otherwise some
+        let mut cmd = <$cmd_type>::new(&$command[0]);
-    // commands may hang forever waiting for input. For example, ripgrep has
+        cmd.args(&$command[1..]);
-    // a heuristic where it may try to read from stdin as explained here:
+        cmd.current_dir($cwd);
-    // https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/blob/e2362d4d5185d02fa857bf381e7bd52e66fafc73/crates/core/flags/hiargs.rs#L1101-L1103
-    cmd.stdin(Stdio::null());
 
-    cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        if !$sandbox_policy.has_full_network_access() {
-        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            cmd.env(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR, "1");
-        .kill_on_drop(true)
+        }
-        .spawn()
+
+        match $stdio_policy {
+            StdioPolicy::RedirectForShellTool => {
+                // Do not create a file descriptor for stdin because otherwise some
+                // commands may hang forever waiting for input. For example, ripgrep has
+                // a heuristic where it may try to read from stdin as explained here:
+                // https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/blob/e2362d4d5185d02fa857bf381e7bd52e66fafc73/crates/core/flags/hiargs.rs#L1101-L1103
+                cmd.stdin(Stdio::null());
+
+                cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::piped());
+            }
+            StdioPolicy::Inherit => {
+                // Inherit stdin, stdout, and stderr from the parent process.
+                cmd.stdin(Stdio::inherit())
+                    .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
+                    .stderr(Stdio::inherit());
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::io::Result::<$cmd_type>::Ok(cmd)
+    }};
+}
+
+/// Spawns the appropriate child process for the ExecParams and SandboxPolicy,
+/// ensuring the args and environment variables used to create the `Command`
+/// (and `Child`) honor the configuration.
+pub(crate) async fn spawn_child_async(
+    command: Vec<String>,
+    cwd: PathBuf,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    stdio_policy: StdioPolicy,
+) -> std::io::Result<Child> {
+    let mut cmd = configure_command!(Command, command, cwd, sandbox_policy, stdio_policy)?;
+    cmd.kill_on_drop(true).spawn()
+}
+
+/// Alternative verison of `spawn_child_async()` that returns
+/// `std::process::Child` instead of `tokio::process::Child`. This is useful for
+/// spawning a child process in a thread that is not running a Tokio runtime.
+pub fn spawn_child_sync(
+    command: Vec<String>,
+    cwd: PathBuf,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    stdio_policy: StdioPolicy,
+) -> std::io::Result<std::process::Child> {
+    let mut cmd = configure_command!(
+        std::process::Command,
+        command,
+        cwd,
+        sandbox_policy,
+        stdio_policy
+    )?;
+    cmd.spawn()
 }
 
 /// Consumes the output of a child process, truncating it so it is suitable for
 /// use as the output of a `shell` tool call. Also enforces specified timeout.
-async fn consume_truncated_output(
+pub(crate) async fn consume_truncated_output(
     mut child: Child,
     ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
     timeout_ms: Option<u64>,

codex-rs/core/src/exec_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use std::io;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use crate::error::CodexErr;
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::exec::ExecParams;
+use crate::exec::RawExecToolCallOutput;
+use crate::exec::StdioPolicy;
+use crate::exec::consume_truncated_output;
+use crate::exec::spawn_child_async;
+use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
+
+use tokio::sync::Notify;
+
+pub fn exec_linux(
+    params: ExecParams,
+    ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
+    // Allow READ on /
+    // Allow WRITE on /dev/null
+    let ctrl_c_copy = ctrl_c.clone();
+    let sandbox_policy = sandbox_policy.clone();
+
+    // Isolate thread to run the sandbox from
+    let tool_call_output = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+            .enable_all()
+            .build()
+            .expect("Failed to create runtime");
+
+        rt.block_on(async {
+            let ExecParams {
+                command,
+                cwd,
+                timeout_ms,
+            } = params;
+            apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(&sandbox_policy, &cwd)?;
+            let child = spawn_child_async(
+                command,
+                cwd,
+                &sandbox_policy,
+                StdioPolicy::RedirectForShellTool,
+            )
+            .await?;
+            consume_truncated_output(child, ctrl_c_copy, timeout_ms).await
+        })
+    })
+    .join();
+
+    match tool_call_output {
+        Ok(Ok(output)) => Ok(output),
+        Ok(Err(e)) => Err(e),
+        Err(e) => Err(CodexErr::Io(io::Error::new(
+            io::ErrorKind::Other,
+            format!("thread join failed: {e:?}"),
+        ))),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+pub fn apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    cwd: &Path,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    crate::landlock::apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(sandbox_policy, cwd)
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+pub fn apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(
+    _sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
+    _cwd: &Path,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    Err(CodexErr::Io(io::Error::new(
+        io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+        "linux sandbox is not supported on this platform",
+    )))
+}

codex-rs/core/src/landlock.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::error::CodexErr;
 use crate::error::Result;
 use crate::error::SandboxErr;
-use crate::exec::ExecParams;
-use crate::exec::RawExecToolCallOutput;
-use crate::exec::exec;
 use crate::protocol::SandboxPolicy;
 
 use landlock::ABI;
@@ -29,46 +24,11 @@ use seccompiler::SeccompFilter;
 use seccompiler::SeccompRule;
 use seccompiler::TargetArch;
 use seccompiler::apply_filter;
-use tokio::sync::Notify;
-
-pub async fn exec_linux(
-    params: ExecParams,
-    ctrl_c: Arc<Notify>,
-    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
-) -> Result<RawExecToolCallOutput> {
-    // Allow READ on /
-    // Allow WRITE on /dev/null
-    let ctrl_c_copy = ctrl_c.clone();
-    let sandbox_policy = sandbox_policy.clone();
-
-    // Isolate thread to run the sandbox from
-    let tool_call_output = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .expect("Failed to create runtime");
-
-        rt.block_on(async {
-            apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(sandbox_policy, &params.cwd)?;
-            exec(params, ctrl_c_copy).await
-        })
-    })
-    .join();
-
-    match tool_call_output {
-        Ok(Ok(output)) => Ok(output),
-        Ok(Err(e)) => Err(e),
-        Err(e) => Err(CodexErr::Io(io::Error::new(
-            io::ErrorKind::Other,
-            format!("thread join failed: {e:?}"),
-        ))),
-    }
-}
 
 /// Apply sandbox policies inside this thread so only the child inherits
 /// them, not the entire CLI process.
-pub fn apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(
+pub(crate) fn apply_sandbox_policy_to_current_thread(
-    sandbox_policy: SandboxPolicy,
+    sandbox_policy: &SandboxPolicy,
     cwd: &Path,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     if !sandbox_policy.has_full_network_access() {

codex-rs/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ pub mod config;
 mod conversation_history;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod exec;
+pub mod exec_linux;
 mod flags;
 mod is_safe_command;
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-pub mod linux;
+pub mod landlock;
 mod mcp_connection_manager;
 pub mod mcp_server_config;
 mod mcp_tool_call;

codex-rs/core/tests/previous_response_id.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use codex_core::Codex;
 use codex_core::ModelProviderInfo;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
+use codex_core::exec::CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR;
 use codex_core::protocol::InputItem;
 use codex_core::protocol::Op;
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -50,6 +51,13 @@ data: {{\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{{\"id\":\"{}\",\"output\":
 async fn keeps_previous_response_id_between_tasks() {
     #![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+
     // Mock server
     let server = MockServer::start().await;
 

codex-rs/core/tests/stream_no_completed.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use codex_core::Codex;
 use codex_core::ModelProviderInfo;
 use codex_core::config::Config;
+use codex_core::exec::CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR;
 use codex_core::protocol::InputItem;
 use codex_core::protocol::Op;
 use tokio::time::timeout;
@@ -34,6 +35,13 @@ data: {{\"type\":\"response.completed\",\"response\":{{\"id\":\"{}\",\"output\":
 async fn retries_on_early_close() {
     #![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
 
+    if std::env::var(CODEX_SANDBOX_NETWORK_DISABLED_ENV_VAR).is_ok() {
+        println!(
+            "Skipping test because it cannot execute when network is disabled in a Codex sandbox."
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+
     let server = MockServer::start().await;
 
     struct SeqResponder;

codex-rs/mcp-client/src/mcp_client.rs

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ impl McpClient {
     ) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
         let mut child = Command::new(program)
             .args(args)
+            .env_clear()
             .envs(create_env_for_mcp_server(env))
             .stdin(std::process::Stdio::piped())
             .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())