feat: refine UI with effects panel improvements and visual polish

Major improvements:
- Fixed multi-file import (FileList to Array conversion)
- Auto-select first track when adding to empty project
- Global effects panel folding state (independent of track selection)
- Effects panel collapsed/disabled when no track selected
- Effect device expansion state persisted per-device
- Effect browser with searchable descriptions

Visual refinements:
- Removed center dot from pan knob for cleaner look
- Simplified fader: removed volume fill overlay, dynamic level meter visible through semi-transparent handle
- Level meter capped at fader position (realistic mixer behavior)
- Solid background instead of gradient for fader track
- Subtle volume overlay up to fader handle
- Fixed track control width flickering (consistent 4px border)
- Effect devices: removed shadows/rounded corners for flatter DAW-style look, added consistent border-radius
- Added border between track control and waveform area

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

components/editor/AudioEditor.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { useEffectChain } from '@/lib/hooks/useEffectChain';
 import { useToast } from '@/components/ui/Toast';
 import { TrackList } from '@/components/tracks/TrackList';
 import { ImportTrackDialog } from '@/components/tracks/ImportTrackDialog';
+import { EffectsPanel } from '@/components/effects/EffectsPanel';
 import { formatDuration } from '@/lib/audio/decoder';
 import { useHistory } from '@/lib/hooks/useHistory';
 import { useRecording } from '@/lib/hooks/useRecording';
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ export function AudioEditor() {
   const [punchOutTime, setPunchOutTime] = React.useState(0);
   const [overdubEnabled, setOverdubEnabled] = React.useState(false);
   const [settingsDialogOpen, setSettingsDialogOpen] = React.useState(false);
+  const [effectsPanelHeight, setEffectsPanelHeight] = React.useState(300);
+  const [effectsPanelVisible, setEffectsPanelVisible] = React.useState(false);
 
   const { addToast } = useToast();
 
@@ -61,13 +64,46 @@ export function AudioEditor() {
   // Multi-track hooks
   const {
     tracks,
-    addTrack,
-    addTrackFromBuffer,
+    addTrack: addTrackOriginal,
+    addTrackFromBuffer: addTrackFromBufferOriginal,
     removeTrack,
     updateTrack,
     clearTracks,
   } = useMultiTrack();
 
+  // Track whether we should auto-select on next add (when project is empty)
+  const shouldAutoSelectRef = React.useRef(true);
+
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    // Update auto-select flag based on track count
+    shouldAutoSelectRef.current = tracks.length === 0;
+  }, [tracks.length]);
+
+  // Wrap addTrack to auto-select first track when adding to empty project
+  const addTrack = React.useCallback((name?: string) => {
+    const shouldAutoSelect = shouldAutoSelectRef.current;
+    const track = addTrackOriginal(name);
+    if (shouldAutoSelect) {
+      setSelectedTrackId(track.id);
+      shouldAutoSelectRef.current = false; // Only auto-select once
+    }
+    return track;
+  }, [addTrackOriginal]);
+
+  // Wrap addTrackFromBuffer to auto-select first track when adding to empty project
+  const addTrackFromBuffer = React.useCallback((buffer: AudioBuffer, name?: string) => {
+    console.log(`[AudioEditor] addTrackFromBuffer wrapper called: ${name}, shouldAutoSelect: ${shouldAutoSelectRef.current}`);
+    const shouldAutoSelect = shouldAutoSelectRef.current;
+    const track = addTrackFromBufferOriginal(buffer, name);
+    console.log(`[AudioEditor] Track created: ${track.name} (${track.id})`);
+    if (shouldAutoSelect) {
+      console.log(`[AudioEditor] Auto-selecting track: ${track.id}`);
+      setSelectedTrackId(track.id);
+      shouldAutoSelectRef.current = false; // Only auto-select once
+    }
+    return track;
+  }, [addTrackFromBufferOriginal]);
+
   // Log tracks to see if they update
   React.useEffect(() => {
     console.log('[AudioEditor] Tracks updated:', tracks.map(t => ({
@@ -108,6 +144,7 @@ export function AudioEditor() {
   };
 
   const handleImportTrack = (buffer: AudioBuffer, name: string) => {
+    console.log(`[AudioEditor] handleImportTrack called: ${name}`);
     addTrackFromBuffer(buffer, name);
   };
 
@@ -171,6 +208,79 @@ export function AudioEditor() {
     updateTrack(selectedTrack.id, { effectChain: updatedChain });
   };
 
+  // Effects Panel handlers
+  const handleAddEffect = React.useCallback((effectType: any) => {
+    if (!selectedTrackId) return;
+    const track = tracks.find((t) => t.id === selectedTrackId);
+    if (!track) return;
+
+    // Import createEffect and EFFECT_NAMES dynamically
+    import('@/lib/audio/effects/chain').then(({ createEffect, EFFECT_NAMES }) => {
+      const newEffect = createEffect(effectType, EFFECT_NAMES[effectType]);
+      const updatedChain = {
+        ...track.effectChain,
+        effects: [...track.effectChain.effects, newEffect],
+      };
+      updateTrack(selectedTrackId, { effectChain: updatedChain });
+    });
+  }, [selectedTrackId, tracks, updateTrack]);
+
+  const handleToggleEffect = React.useCallback((effectId: string) => {
+    if (!selectedTrackId) return;
+    const track = tracks.find((t) => t.id === selectedTrackId);
+    if (!track) return;
+
+    const updatedChain = {
+      ...track.effectChain,
+      effects: track.effectChain.effects.map((e) =>
+        e.id === effectId ? { ...e, enabled: !e.enabled } : e
+      ),
+    };
+    updateTrack(selectedTrackId, { effectChain: updatedChain });
+  }, [selectedTrackId, tracks, updateTrack]);
+
+  const handleRemoveEffect = React.useCallback((effectId: string) => {
+    if (!selectedTrackId) return;
+    const track = tracks.find((t) => t.id === selectedTrackId);
+    if (!track) return;
+
+    const updatedChain = {
+      ...track.effectChain,
+      effects: track.effectChain.effects.filter((e) => e.id !== effectId),
+    };
+    updateTrack(selectedTrackId, { effectChain: updatedChain });
+  }, [selectedTrackId, tracks, updateTrack]);
+
+  const handleUpdateEffect = React.useCallback((effectId: string, parameters: any) => {
+    if (!selectedTrackId) return;
+    const track = tracks.find((t) => t.id === selectedTrackId);
+    if (!track) return;
+
+    const updatedChain = {
+      ...track.effectChain,
+      effects: track.effectChain.effects.map((e) =>
+        e.id === effectId ? { ...e, parameters } : e
+      ),
+    };
+    updateTrack(selectedTrackId, { effectChain: updatedChain });
+  }, [selectedTrackId, tracks, updateTrack]);
+
+  const handleToggleEffectExpanded = React.useCallback((effectId: string) => {
+    if (!selectedTrackId) return;
+    const track = tracks.find((t) => t.id === selectedTrackId);
+    if (!track) return;
+
+    const updatedChain = {
+      ...track.effectChain,
+      effects: track.effectChain.effects.map((e) =>
+        e.id === effectId ? { ...e, expanded: !e.expanded } : e
+      ),
+    };
+    updateTrack(selectedTrackId, { effectChain: updatedChain });
+  }, [selectedTrackId, tracks, updateTrack]);
+
+  // Preserve effects panel state - don't auto-open/close on track selection
+
   // Selection handler
   const handleSelectionChange = (trackId: string, selection: { start: number; end: number } | null) => {
     updateTrack(trackId, { selection });
@@ -706,6 +816,23 @@ export function AudioEditor() {
             />
           </div>
 
+          {/* Effects Panel - Global Folding State, Collapsed when no track */}
+          <EffectsPanel
+            track={selectedTrack || null}
+            visible={selectedTrack ? effectsPanelVisible : false}
+            height={effectsPanelHeight}
+            onToggleVisible={() => {
+              if (selectedTrack) {
+                setEffectsPanelVisible(!effectsPanelVisible);
+              }
+            }}
+            onResizeHeight={setEffectsPanelHeight}
+            onAddEffect={handleAddEffect}
+            onToggleEffect={handleToggleEffect}
+            onRemoveEffect={handleRemoveEffect}
+            onUpdateEffect={handleUpdateEffect}
+            onToggleEffectExpanded={handleToggleEffectExpanded}
+          />
         </main>
       </div>
 

components/effects/EffectBrowser.tsx

@@ -21,6 +21,28 @@ const EFFECT_CATEGORIES = {
   'Pitch & Time': ['pitch', 'timestretch'] as EffectType[],
 };
 
+const EFFECT_DESCRIPTIONS: Record<EffectType, string> = {
+  'compressor': 'Reduce dynamic range and control peaks',
+  'limiter': 'Prevent audio from exceeding a maximum level',
+  'gate': 'Reduce noise by cutting low-level signals',
+  'lowpass': 'Allow frequencies below cutoff to pass',
+  'highpass': 'Allow frequencies above cutoff to pass',
+  'bandpass': 'Allow frequencies within a range to pass',
+  'notch': 'Remove a specific frequency range',
+  'lowshelf': 'Boost or cut low frequencies',
+  'highshelf': 'Boost or cut high frequencies',
+  'peaking': 'Boost or cut a specific frequency band',
+  'delay': 'Create echoes and rhythmic repeats',
+  'reverb': 'Simulate acoustic space and ambience',
+  'chorus': 'Thicken sound with subtle pitch variations',
+  'flanger': 'Create sweeping comb filter effects',
+  'phaser': 'Create phase-shifted modulation effects',
+  'distortion': 'Add harmonic saturation and grit',
+  'bitcrusher': 'Reduce bit depth for lo-fi effects',
+  'pitch': 'Shift pitch without changing tempo',
+  'timestretch': 'Change tempo without affecting pitch',
+};
+
 export function EffectBrowser({ open, onClose, onSelectEffect }: EffectBrowserProps) {
   const [search, setSearch] = React.useState('');
   const [selectedCategory, setSelectedCategory] = React.useState<string | null>(null);
@@ -40,7 +62,8 @@ export function EffectBrowser({ open, onClose, onSelectEffect }: EffectBrowserPr
 
     Object.entries(EFFECT_CATEGORIES).forEach(([category, effects]) => {
       const matchingEffects = effects.filter((effect) =>
-        EFFECT_NAMES[effect].toLowerCase().includes(searchLower)
+        EFFECT_NAMES[effect].toLowerCase().includes(searchLower) ||
+        EFFECT_DESCRIPTIONS[effect].toLowerCase().includes(searchLower)
       );
       if (matchingEffects.length > 0) {
         filtered[category] = matchingEffects;
@@ -101,7 +124,7 @@ export function EffectBrowser({ open, onClose, onSelectEffect }: EffectBrowserPr
                       )}
                     >
                       <div className="font-medium text-sm">{EFFECT_NAMES[effect]}</div>
-                      <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground capitalize">{effect}</div>
+                      <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{EFFECT_DESCRIPTIONS[effect]}</div>
                     </button>
                   ))}
                 </div>

components/effects/EffectDevice.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export interface EffectDeviceProps {
   onToggleEnabled?: () => void;
   onRemove?: () => void;
   onUpdateParameters?: (parameters: any) => void;
+  onToggleExpanded?: () => void;
 }
 
 export function EffectDevice({
@@ -19,16 +20,17 @@ export function EffectDevice({
   onToggleEnabled,
   onRemove,
   onUpdateParameters,
+  onToggleExpanded,
 }: EffectDeviceProps) {
-  const [isExpanded, setIsExpanded] = React.useState(false);
+  const isExpanded = effect.expanded || false;
 
   return (
     <div
       className={cn(
-        'flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col h-full transition-all duration-200 rounded-md overflow-hidden',
+        'flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col h-full transition-all duration-200 overflow-hidden rounded-md',
         effect.enabled
-          ? 'bg-card border border-border/50 shadow-md'
-          : 'bg-card/40 border border-border/30 shadow-sm opacity-60',
+          ? 'bg-card border-l border-r border-b border-border'
+          : 'bg-card/40 border-l border-r border-b border-border/50 opacity-60 hover:opacity-80',
         isExpanded ? 'min-w-96' : 'w-10'
       )}
     >
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ export function EffectDevice({
           <div className={cn('h-0.5 w-full', effect.enabled ? 'bg-primary' : 'bg-muted-foreground/20')} />
 
           <button
-            onClick={() => setIsExpanded(true)}
+            onClick={onToggleExpanded}
             className="w-full h-full flex flex-col items-center justify-between py-1 hover:bg-primary/10 transition-colors group"
             title={`Expand ${effect.name}`}
           >
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ export function EffectDevice({
             <Button
               variant="ghost"
               size="icon-sm"
-              onClick={() => setIsExpanded(false)}
+              onClick={onToggleExpanded}
               title="Collapse device"
               className="h-5 w-5 flex-shrink-0"
             >

components/effects/EffectsPanel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+'use client';
+
+import * as React from 'react';
+import { ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Plus } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/Button';
+import { EffectDevice } from './EffectDevice';
+import { EffectBrowser } from './EffectBrowser';
+import type { Track } from '@/types/track';
+import type { EffectType } from '@/lib/audio/effects/chain';
+import { cn } from '@/lib/utils/cn';
+
+export interface EffectsPanelProps {
+  track: Track | null; // Selected track
+  visible: boolean;
+  height: number;
+  onToggleVisible: () => void;
+  onResizeHeight: (height: number) => void;
+  onAddEffect?: (effectType: EffectType) => void;
+  onToggleEffect?: (effectId: string) => void;
+  onRemoveEffect?: (effectId: string) => void;
+  onUpdateEffect?: (effectId: string, parameters: any) => void;
+  onToggleEffectExpanded?: (effectId: string) => void;
+}
+
+export function EffectsPanel({
+  track,
+  visible,
+  height,
+  onToggleVisible,
+  onResizeHeight,
+  onAddEffect,
+  onToggleEffect,
+  onRemoveEffect,
+  onUpdateEffect,
+  onToggleEffectExpanded,
+}: EffectsPanelProps) {
+  const [effectBrowserOpen, setEffectBrowserOpen] = React.useState(false);
+  const [isResizing, setIsResizing] = React.useState(false);
+  const resizeStartRef = React.useRef({ y: 0, height: 0 });
+
+  // Resize handler
+  const handleResizeStart = React.useCallback(
+    (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      setIsResizing(true);
+      resizeStartRef.current = { y: e.clientY, height };
+    },
+    [height]
+  );
+
+  React.useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isResizing) return;
+
+    const handleMouseMove = (e: MouseEvent) => {
+      const delta = resizeStartRef.current.y - e.clientY;
+      const newHeight = Math.max(200, Math.min(600, resizeStartRef.current.height + delta));
+      onResizeHeight(newHeight);
+    };
+
+    const handleMouseUp = () => {
+      setIsResizing(false);
+    };
+
+    window.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+    window.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+
+    return () => {
+      window.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMouseMove);
+      window.removeEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseUp);
+    };
+  }, [isResizing, onResizeHeight]);
+
+  if (!visible) {
+    // Collapsed state - just show header bar
+    return (
+      <div className="h-8 bg-card border-t border-border flex items-center px-3 gap-2 flex-shrink-0">
+        <button
+          onClick={onToggleVisible}
+          className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-1 hover:text-primary transition-colors text-sm font-medium"
+        >
+          <ChevronUp className="h-4 w-4" />
+          <span>Device View</span>
+          {track && (
+            <span className="text-muted-foreground">- {track.name}</span>
+          )}
+        </button>
+        {track && (
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+              {track.effectChain.effects.length} device(s)
+            </span>
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className="bg-card border-t border-border flex flex-col flex-shrink-0 transition-all duration-300 ease-in-out"
+      style={{ height }}
+    >
+      {/* Resize handle */}
+      <div
+        className={cn(
+          'h-1 cursor-ns-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-colors group flex items-center justify-center',
+          isResizing && 'bg-primary/50'
+        )}
+        onMouseDown={handleResizeStart}
+        title="Drag to resize panel"
+      >
+        <div className="h-px w-16 bg-border group-hover:bg-primary transition-colors" />
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Header */}
+      <div className="h-10 flex-shrink-0 border-b border-border flex items-center px-3 gap-2 bg-muted/30">
+        <button
+          onClick={onToggleVisible}
+          className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-1 hover:text-primary transition-colors"
+        >
+          <ChevronDown className="h-4 w-4" />
+          <span className="text-sm font-medium">Device View</span>
+          {track && (
+            <>
+              <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">-</span>
+              <div
+                className="w-0.5 h-4 rounded-full"
+                style={{ backgroundColor: track.color }}
+              />
+              <span className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">{track.name}</span>
+            </>
+          )}
+        </button>
+
+        {track && (
+          <>
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+              {track.effectChain.effects.length} device(s)
+            </span>
+            <Button
+              variant="ghost"
+              size="icon-sm"
+              onClick={() => setEffectBrowserOpen(true)}
+              title="Add effect"
+              className="h-7 w-7"
+            >
+              <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </Button>
+          </>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Device Rack */}
+      <div className="flex-1 overflow-x-auto overflow-y-hidden custom-scrollbar bg-background/50 p-3">
+        {!track ? (
+          <div className="h-full flex items-center justify-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+            Select a track to view its devices
+          </div>
+        ) : track.effectChain.effects.length === 0 ? (
+          <div className="h-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-sm text-muted-foreground gap-2">
+            <p>No devices on this track</p>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={() => setEffectBrowserOpen(true)}
+            >
+              <Plus className="h-4 w-4 mr-1" />
+              Add Device
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        ) : (
+          <div className="flex h-full gap-3">
+            {track.effectChain.effects.map((effect) => (
+              <EffectDevice
+                key={effect.id}
+                effect={effect}
+                onToggleEnabled={() => onToggleEffect?.(effect.id)}
+                onRemove={() => onRemoveEffect?.(effect.id)}
+                onUpdateParameters={(params) => onUpdateEffect?.(effect.id, params)}
+                onToggleExpanded={() => onToggleEffectExpanded?.(effect.id)}
+              />
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* Effect Browser Dialog */}
+      {track && (
+        <EffectBrowser
+          open={effectBrowserOpen}
+          onClose={() => setEffectBrowserOpen(false)}
+          onSelectEffect={(effectType) => {
+            if (onAddEffect) {
+              onAddEffect(effectType);
+            }
+            setEffectBrowserOpen(false);
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}

components/tracks/ImportTrackDialog.tsx

@@ -24,28 +24,42 @@ export function ImportTrackDialog({
   const handleFiles = async (files: FileList) => {
     setIsLoading(true);
 
+    // Convert FileList to Array to prevent any weird behavior
+    const fileArray = Array.from(files);
+    console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Processing ${fileArray.length} files`, fileArray);
+
     try {
       // Process files sequentially
-      for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
-        const file = files[i];
+      for (let i = 0; i < fileArray.length; i++) {
+        console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Loop iteration ${i}, fileArray.length: ${fileArray.length}`);
+        const file = fileArray[i];
+        console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Processing file ${i + 1}/${fileArray.length}: ${file.name}, type: ${file.type}`);
 
         if (!file.type.startsWith('audio/')) {
-          console.warn(`Skipping non-audio file: ${file.name}`);
+          console.warn(`Skipping non-audio file: ${file.name} (type: ${file.type})`);
           continue;
         }
 
         try {
+          console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Decoding file ${i + 1}/${files.length}: ${file.name}`);
           const buffer = await decodeAudioFile(file);
           const trackName = file.name.replace(/\.[^/.]+$/, ''); // Remove extension
+          console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Importing track: ${trackName}`);
           onImportTrack(buffer, trackName);
+          console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Track imported: ${trackName}`);
         } catch (error) {
           console.error(`Failed to import ${file.name}:`, error);
         }
+        console.log(`[ImportTrackDialog] Finished processing file ${i + 1}`);
       }
 
-      onClose();
+      console.log('[ImportTrackDialog] Loop completed, all files processed');
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('[ImportTrackDialog] Error in handleFiles:', error);
     } finally {
       setIsLoading(false);
+      console.log('[ImportTrackDialog] Closing dialog');
+      onClose();
     }
   };
 

components/tracks/Track.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 'use client';
 
 import * as React from 'react';
-import { Volume2, VolumeX, Headphones, Trash2, ChevronDown, ChevronRight, UnfoldHorizontal, Upload, Plus, Mic, Gauge } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Volume2, VolumeX, Headphones, Trash2, ChevronDown, ChevronRight, UnfoldHorizontal, Upload, Mic, Gauge, Circle } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { Track as TrackType } from '@/types/track';
 import { COLLAPSED_TRACK_HEIGHT, MIN_TRACK_HEIGHT, MAX_TRACK_HEIGHT } from '@/types/track';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/Button';
 import { Slider } from '@/components/ui/Slider';
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils/cn';
-import { EffectBrowser } from '@/components/effects/EffectBrowser';
-import { EffectDevice } from '@/components/effects/EffectDevice';
-import { createEffect, type EffectType } from '@/lib/audio/effects/chain';
+import type { EffectType } from '@/lib/audio/effects/chain';
 import { VerticalFader } from '@/components/ui/VerticalFader';
 import { CircularKnob } from '@/components/ui/CircularKnob';
 import { AutomationLane } from '@/components/automation/AutomationLane';
@@ -76,8 +74,6 @@ export function Track({
   const fileInputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const [isEditingName, setIsEditingName] = React.useState(false);
   const [nameInput, setNameInput] = React.useState(String(track.name || 'Untitled Track'));
-  const [effectBrowserOpen, setEffectBrowserOpen] = React.useState(false);
-  const [showEffects, setShowEffects] = React.useState(false);
   const [themeKey, setThemeKey] = React.useState(0);
   const inputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const [isResizing, setIsResizing] = React.useState(false);
@@ -441,180 +437,200 @@ export function Track({
     <div
       ref={containerRef}
       className={cn(
-        'flex flex-col',
-        isSelected && 'ring-2 ring-primary ring-inset'
+        'flex flex-col transition-all duration-200 relative',
+        isSelected && 'bg-primary/5'
       )}
     >
       {/* Top: Track Row (Control Panel + Waveform) */}
       <div className="flex" style={{ height: trackHeight }}>
         {/* Left: Track Control Panel (Fixed Width) - Ableton Style */}
         <div
-          className="w-48 flex-shrink-0 bg-card border-r border-border border-b border-border p-2 flex flex-col gap-1.5 min-h-0"
-          onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-        >
-        {/* Track Name (Full Width) */}
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="icon-sm"
-            onClick={onToggleCollapse}
-            title={track.collapsed ? 'Expand track' : 'Collapse track'}
-            className="flex-shrink-0 h-6 w-6"
-          >
-            {track.collapsed ? (
-              <ChevronRight className="h-3 w-3" />
-            ) : (
-              <ChevronDown className="h-3 w-3" />
-            )}
-          </Button>
-
-          <div
-            className="w-1 h-6 rounded-full flex-shrink-0"
-            style={{ backgroundColor: track.color }}
-          />
-
-          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            {isEditingName ? (
-              <input
-                ref={inputRef}
-                type="text"
-                value={nameInput}
-                onChange={(e) => setNameInput(e.target.value)}
-                onBlur={handleNameBlur}
-                onKeyDown={handleNameKeyDown}
-                className="w-full px-1 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium bg-background border border-border rounded"
-              />
-            ) : (
-              <div
-                onClick={handleNameClick}
-                className="px-1 py-0.5 text-xs font-medium text-foreground truncate cursor-pointer hover:bg-accent rounded"
-                title={String(track.name || 'Untitled Track')}
-              >
-                {String(track.name || 'Untitled Track')}
-              </div>
-            )}
-          </div>
-        </div>
-
-        {/* Compact Button Row */}
-        <div className="flex items-center justify-center gap-1">
-          {/* Record Enable Button */}
-          {onToggleRecordEnable && (
-            <Button
-              variant="ghost"
-              size="icon-sm"
-              onClick={onToggleRecordEnable}
-              title="Arm track for recording"
-              className={cn(
-                'h-6 w-6',
-                track.recordEnabled && 'bg-red-500/20 hover:bg-red-500/30',
-                isRecording && 'animate-pulse'
-              )}
-            >
-              <div
-                className={cn(
-                  'h-3 w-3 rounded-full border-2',
-                  track.recordEnabled ? 'bg-red-500 border-red-500' : 'border-current'
-                )}
-              />
-            </Button>
+          className={cn(
+            "w-48 flex-shrink-0 border-b border-r-4 p-2 flex flex-col gap-2 min-h-0 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer border-border",
+            isSelected
+              ? "bg-primary/10 border-r-primary"
+              : "bg-card border-r-transparent hover:bg-accent/30"
           )}
-
-          {/* Solo Button */}
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="icon-sm"
-            onClick={onToggleSolo}
-            title="Solo track"
+          onClick={(e) => {
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            if (onSelect) onSelect();
+          }}
+        >
+          {/* Track Name Row - Integrated collapse (DAW style) */}
+          <div
             className={cn(
-              'h-6 w-6 text-[10px] font-bold',
-              track.solo && 'bg-yellow-500/20 hover:bg-yellow-500/30 text-yellow-500'
+              "group flex items-center gap-1.5 px-1 py-0.5 rounded cursor-pointer transition-colors",
+              isSelected ? "bg-primary/10" : "hover:bg-accent/50"
             )}
+            onClick={(e) => {
+              if (!isEditingName) {
+                e.stopPropagation();
+                onToggleCollapse();
+              }
+            }}
+            title={track.collapsed ? 'Expand track' : 'Collapse track'}
           >
-            S
-          </Button>
-
-          {/* Mute Button */}
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="icon-sm"
-            onClick={onToggleMute}
-            title="Mute track"
-            className={cn(
-              'h-6 w-6 text-[10px] font-bold',
-              track.mute && 'bg-red-500/20 hover:bg-red-500/30 text-red-500'
-            )}
-          >
-            M
-          </Button>
-
-          {/* Remove Button */}
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="icon-sm"
-            onClick={onRemove}
-            title="Remove track"
-            className="h-6 w-6 text-destructive hover:text-destructive hover:bg-destructive/10"
-          >
-            <Trash2 className="h-3 w-3" />
-          </Button>
-        </div>
-
-        {/* Track Controls - Only show when not collapsed */}
-        {!track.collapsed && (
-          <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-between py-1 min-h-0 overflow-hidden">
-            {/* Pan Knob */}
-            <div className="flex-shrink-0">
-              <CircularKnob
-                value={track.pan}
-                onChange={onPanChange}
-                min={-1}
-                max={1}
-                step={0.01}
-                size={40}
-                label="PAN"
-              />
+            {/* Small triangle indicator */}
+            <div className={cn(
+              "flex-shrink-0 transition-colors",
+              isSelected ? "text-primary" : "text-muted-foreground group-hover:text-foreground"
+            )}>
+              {track.collapsed ? (
+                <ChevronRight className="h-3 w-3" />
+              ) : (
+                <ChevronDown className="h-3 w-3" />
+              )}
             </div>
 
-            {/* Vertical Volume Fader with integrated meter */}
-            <div className="flex-1 flex items-center justify-center min-h-0 max-h-[140px]">
-              <VerticalFader
-                value={track.volume}
-                level={track.recordEnabled || isRecording ? recordingLevel : playbackLevel}
-                onChange={onVolumeChange}
-                min={0}
-                max={1}
-                step={0.01}
-                showDb={true}
-              />
+            {/* Color stripe (thicker when selected) */}
+            <div
+              className={cn(
+                "h-5 rounded-full flex-shrink-0 transition-all",
+                isSelected ? "w-1" : "w-0.5"
+              )}
+              style={{ backgroundColor: track.color }}
+            />
+
+            {/* Track name (editable) */}
+            <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
+              {isEditingName ? (
+                <input
+                  ref={inputRef}
+                  type="text"
+                  value={nameInput}
+                  onChange={(e) => setNameInput(e.target.value)}
+                  onBlur={handleNameBlur}
+                  onKeyDown={handleNameKeyDown}
+                  onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                  className="w-full px-1 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold bg-background border border-border rounded"
+                />
+              ) : (
+                <div
+                  onClick={(e) => {
+                    e.stopPropagation();
+                    handleNameClick();
+                  }}
+                  className="px-1 py-0.5 text-xs font-semibold text-foreground truncate"
+                  title={String(track.name || 'Untitled Track')}
+                >
+                  {String(track.name || 'Untitled Track')}
+                </div>
+              )}
             </div>
           </div>
-        )}
-      </div>
+
+          {/* Track Controls - Only show when not collapsed */}
+          {!track.collapsed && (
+            <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-between min-h-0 overflow-hidden">
+              {/* Pan Knob */}
+              <div className="flex-shrink-0">
+                <CircularKnob
+                  value={track.pan}
+                  onChange={onPanChange}
+                  min={-1}
+                  max={1}
+                  step={0.01}
+                  size={48}
+                  label="PAN"
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              {/* Vertical Volume Fader with integrated meter */}
+              <div className="flex-1 flex items-center justify-center min-h-0">
+                <VerticalFader
+                  value={track.volume}
+                  level={track.recordEnabled || isRecording ? recordingLevel : playbackLevel}
+                  onChange={onVolumeChange}
+                  min={0}
+                  max={1}
+                  step={0.01}
+                  showDb={true}
+                />
+              </div>
+
+              {/* Inline Button Row - Below fader */}
+              <div className="flex-shrink-0 w-full">
+                {/* R/S/M inline row with icons */}
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-1 justify-center">
+                  {/* Record Arm */}
+                  {onToggleRecordEnable && (
+                    <button
+                      onClick={onToggleRecordEnable}
+                      className={cn(
+                        'h-6 w-6 rounded flex items-center justify-center transition-all',
+                        track.recordEnabled
+                          ? 'bg-red-500 text-white shadow-md shadow-red-500/30'
+                          : 'bg-card hover:bg-accent text-muted-foreground border border-border/50',
+                        isRecording && 'animate-pulse'
+                      )}
+                      title="Arm track for recording"
+                    >
+                      <Circle className="h-3 w-3 fill-current" />
+                    </button>
+                  )}
+
+                  {/* Solo Button */}
+                  <button
+                    onClick={onToggleSolo}
+                    className={cn(
+                      'h-6 w-6 rounded flex items-center justify-center transition-all',
+                      track.solo
+                        ? 'bg-yellow-500 text-black shadow-md shadow-yellow-500/30'
+                        : 'bg-card hover:bg-accent text-muted-foreground border border-border/50'
+                    )}
+                    title="Solo track"
+                  >
+                    <Headphones className="h-3 w-3" />
+                  </button>
+
+                  {/* Mute Button */}
+                  <button
+                    onClick={onToggleMute}
+                    className={cn(
+                      'h-6 w-6 rounded flex items-center justify-center transition-all',
+                      track.mute
+                        ? 'bg-blue-500 text-white shadow-md shadow-blue-500/30'
+                        : 'bg-card hover:bg-accent text-muted-foreground border border-border/50'
+                    )}
+                    title="Mute track"
+                  >
+                    {track.mute ? <VolumeX className="h-3 w-3" /> : <Volume2 className="h-3 w-3" />}
+                  </button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
 
       {/* Right: Waveform Area (Flexible Width) */}
       <div
-        className="flex-1 relative bg-waveform-bg border-b border-border"
-        onClick={onSelect}
+        className="flex-1 relative bg-waveform-bg border-b border-l border-border"
       >
-        {track.audioBuffer ? (
-          <div className="absolute inset-2 bg-card/30 border border-primary/20 rounded-sm shadow-sm overflow-hidden transition-colors hover:border-primary/40">
-            {/* Clip Header */}
-            <div className="absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 h-4 bg-gradient-to-b from-foreground/5 to-transparent pointer-events-none z-10 px-2 flex items-center">
-              <span className="text-[9px] text-foreground/60 font-medium truncate">
-                {track.name}
-              </span>
-            </div>
+        {/* Delete Button - Top Right Overlay */}
+        <button
+          onClick={(e) => {
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            onRemove();
+          }}
+          className={cn(
+            'absolute top-2 right-2 z-20 h-6 w-6 rounded flex items-center justify-center transition-all',
+            'bg-card/80 hover:bg-destructive/90 text-muted-foreground hover:text-white',
+            'border border-border/50 hover:border-destructive',
+            'backdrop-blur-sm shadow-sm hover:shadow-md'
+          )}
+          title="Remove track"
+        >
+          <Trash2 className="h-3 w-3" />
+        </button>
 
+        {track.audioBuffer ? (
+          <>
             {/* Waveform Canvas */}
             <canvas
               ref={canvasRef}
-              className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full cursor-crosshair"
-              onMouseDown={handleCanvasMouseDown}
-              onMouseMove={handleCanvasMouseMove}
-              onMouseUp={handleCanvasMouseUp}
+              className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full"
             />
-          </div>
+          </>
         ) : (
           !track.collapsed && (
             <>
@@ -648,82 +664,6 @@ export function Track({
       </div>
       </div>
 
-      {/* Bottom: Effects Section (Collapsible, Full Width) - Ableton Style */}
-      {!track.collapsed && (
-        <div className="bg-gradient-to-b from-muted/80 to-muted/60 border-b border-border shadow-inner">
-          {/* Effects Header - clickable to toggle */}
-          <div
-            className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer hover:bg-accent/30 transition-colors border-b border-border/30"
-            onClick={() => setShowEffects(!showEffects)}
-          >
-            {showEffects ? (
-              <ChevronDown className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground flex-shrink-0" />
-            ) : (
-              <ChevronRight className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground flex-shrink-0" />
-            )}
-
-            {/* Show mini effect chain when collapsed */}
-            {!showEffects && track.effectChain.effects.length > 0 ? (
-              <div className="flex-1 flex items-center gap-1 overflow-x-auto custom-scrollbar">
-                {track.effectChain.effects.map((effect) => (
-                  <div
-                    key={effect.id}
-                    className={cn(
-                      'px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-[10px] font-medium flex-shrink-0',
-                      effect.enabled
-                        ? 'bg-primary/20 text-primary border border-primary/30'
-                        : 'bg-muted/30 text-muted-foreground border border-border'
-                    )}
-                  >
-                    {effect.name}
-                  </div>
-                ))}
-              </div>
-            ) : (
-              <span className="text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">
-                Devices ({track.effectChain.effects.length})
-              </span>
-            )}
-
-            <Button
-              variant="ghost"
-              size="icon-sm"
-              onClick={(e) => {
-                e.stopPropagation();
-                setEffectBrowserOpen(true);
-              }}
-              title="Add effect"
-              className="h-5 w-5 flex-shrink-0"
-            >
-              <Plus className="h-3 w-3" />
-            </Button>
-          </div>
-
-          {/* Horizontal scrolling device rack - expanded state */}
-          {showEffects && (
-            <div className="h-44 overflow-x-auto custom-scrollbar bg-background/50 p-2">
-              <div className="flex h-full gap-2">
-                {track.effectChain.effects.length === 0 ? (
-                  <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground text-center py-8 w-full">
-                    No devices. Click + to add an effect.
-                  </div>
-                ) : (
-                  track.effectChain.effects.map((effect) => (
-                    <EffectDevice
-                      key={effect.id}
-                      effect={effect}
-                      onToggleEnabled={() => onToggleEffect?.(effect.id)}
-                      onRemove={() => onRemoveEffect?.(effect.id)}
-                      onUpdateParameters={(params) => onUpdateEffect?.(effect.id, params)}
-                    />
-                  ))
-                )}
-              </div>
-            </div>
-          )}
-        </div>
-      )}
-
       {/* Automation Lanes */}
       {!track.collapsed && track.automation?.showAutomation && (
         <div className="bg-background/30">
@@ -791,26 +731,15 @@ export function Track({
       {!track.collapsed && (
         <div
           className={cn(
-            'absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 h-1 cursor-ns-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-colors z-20 group',
-            isResizing && 'bg-primary/50'
+            'absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 h-1 cursor-ns-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-all duration-200 z-20 group',
+            isResizing && 'bg-primary/50 h-1.5'
           )}
           onMouseDown={handleResizeStart}
           title="Drag to resize track height"
         >
-          <div className="absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 h-px bg-border group-hover:bg-primary" />
+          <div className="absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 h-px bg-border group-hover:bg-primary transition-colors duration-200" />
         </div>
       )}
-
-      {/* Effect Browser Dialog */}
-      <EffectBrowser
-        open={effectBrowserOpen}
-        onClose={() => setEffectBrowserOpen(false)}
-        onSelectEffect={(effectType) => {
-          if (onAddEffect) {
-            onAddEffect(effectType);
-          }
-        }}
-      />
     </div>
   );
 }

components/ui/CircularKnob.tsx

@@ -167,11 +167,6 @@ export function CircularKnob({
           {/* Indicator line */}
           <div className="absolute top-1 left-1/2 w-0.5 h-2 bg-primary rounded-full -translate-x-1/2" />
         </div>
-
-        {/* Center dot (for zero position) */}
-        {value === 0 && (
-          <div className="absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 w-1 h-1 bg-primary rounded-full -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2" />
-        )}
       </div>
 
       {/* Value Display */}

components/ui/VerticalFader.tsx

@@ -107,35 +107,29 @@ export function VerticalFader({
       <div
         ref={trackRef}
         onMouseDown={handleMouseDown}
-        className="relative w-8 flex-1 min-h-[80px] max-h-[140px] bg-muted rounded cursor-pointer select-none overflow-hidden"
+        className="relative w-8 flex-1 min-h-[80px] max-h-[140px] bg-background/50 border border-border rounded cursor-pointer select-none overflow-hidden"
       >
-        {/* Level Meter Background (green/yellow/red gradient) */}
+        {/* Volume Level Overlay - subtle fill up to fader handle */}
         <div
-          className="absolute inset-0 opacity-40"
-          style={{
-            background: 'linear-gradient(to top, rgb(34, 197, 94) 0%, rgb(34, 197, 94) 70%, rgb(234, 179, 8) 85%, rgb(239, 68, 68) 100%)',
-          }}
+          className="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 bg-primary/10"
+          style={{ height: `${valuePercentage}%` }}
         />
 
-        {/* Level Meter (actual level) */}
+        {/* Level Meter (actual level) - capped at fader handle position */}
         <div
           className="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 transition-all duration-75"
           style={{
-            height: `${level * 100}%`,
+            height: `${Math.min(level * 100, valuePercentage)}%`,
             background: 'linear-gradient(to top, rgb(34, 197, 94) 0%, rgb(34, 197, 94) 70%, rgb(234, 179, 8) 85%, rgb(239, 68, 68) 100%)',
             opacity: 0.6,
           }}
         />
 
-        {/* Volume Value Fill */}
-        <div
-          className="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 bg-primary/30 border-t-2 border-primary"
-          style={{ height: `${valuePercentage}%` }}
-        />
+        {/* Volume Value Fill - Removed to show gradient spectrum */}
 
         {/* Fader Handle */}
         <div
-          className="absolute left-0 right-0 h-3 -ml-1 -mr-1 bg-primary rounded-sm shadow-lg cursor-grab active:cursor-grabbing"
+          className="absolute left-0 right-0 h-3 -ml-1 -mr-1 bg-primary/70 border-2 border-primary rounded-sm shadow-lg cursor-grab active:cursor-grabbing backdrop-blur-sm"
           style={{
             bottom: `calc(${valuePercentage}% - 6px)`,
             width: 'calc(100% + 8px)',

lib/audio/effects/chain.ts

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ export interface ChainEffect {
   type: EffectType;
   name: string;
   enabled: boolean;
+  expanded?: boolean; // UI state for effect device expansion
   parameters?: EffectParameters;
 }
 

types/track.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export const TRACK_COLORS: Record<TrackColor, string> = {
   gray: 'rgb(156, 163, 175)',
 };
 
-export const DEFAULT_TRACK_HEIGHT = 240; // Increased from 180 to accommodate vertical controls
-export const MIN_TRACK_HEIGHT = 120; // Increased from 60 for vertical fader/knob layout
-export const MAX_TRACK_HEIGHT = 400; // Increased from 300 for better waveform viewing
+export const DEFAULT_TRACK_HEIGHT = 300; // Knob + fader with labels + R/S/M buttons
+export const MIN_TRACK_HEIGHT = 220; // Minimum to fit knob + fader with labels + buttons
+export const MAX_TRACK_HEIGHT = 500; // Increased for better waveform viewing
 export const COLLAPSED_TRACK_HEIGHT = 48; // Extracted constant for collapsed state